4 Advice to Choose a China Seal

08 Apr.,2024

 

Tutorial: Make a Faux Chinese Seal or Chop!


Are you familiar with

If you google Chinese seals or chops, you will find a myriad of sellers that will carve a seal for you...if you know what you want it to say. And that's where I get stuck! I've wanted a chop for several years, but every time I start looking at all the possibilities I get overwhelmed with way too many choices.

You can even carve you're own if you're handy with a knife. You'll find instructions

The other evening when I finished the sketch above, I wanted a small stamp to go in the area just below the cap but did not have anything appropriate. I couldn't help but think if I had a chop, it would be perfect for that small area...and so the adventure began.

I've been hoarding some styrofoam I'd cut from the tops of clean takeout containers and as I pondered my stamp challenge, my eyes happen to land on my stash. Could I, I wondered. I figured there was only one way to find out and I'm happy to say it was just too easy! In fact, I created several temporary chops in a little under an hour.

Let me be very clear upfront, these faux seals are TEMPORARY. They're not going to last long and they are ridiculously easy to damage...but...they're so easy to make, if one gets damaged, you just make another one!

Supplies


Styrofoam - clean and flat from either a takeout container or meat tray.
Stylus - the smaller the ball the better
Black pen
Ballpoint pen with a fine or extra fine tip
Scissors
Template of Shapes
Pencil (not shown)
Wine corks or acrylic stamp blocks
Double-sided tape
White scrap paper
Piece of tracing paper

Be sure to read the entire tutorial before starting as there are several tips at the end of the tutorial!


1st Method (Slightly Difficult)


Draw out your design on a piece of tracing paper. I kept mine to my initials, the year and the copyright symbol, ©. Drawing out the borders first made it easier to figure out the placement of the various elements I wanted. I kept the overall size of my stamp under one inch. I already had a space in mind when I started so I didn't make any attempts at stamps much larger than 1.25 inches. Most traditional seals are small.

Once you draw out your design and are happy with it, flip the paper over so that you're looking at the reverse image. Measure out the dimensions of your overall design and mark it on the styrofoam. I found it easier to go ahead and cut out the shape with scissors before I added my design, but this isn't absolutely necessary.





You may need to ink it up and stamp it to see any areas that need to be redrawn with the stylus. Stamp it after you've made the tweaks to see if you're done. You'll note the date is falling off the bottom of my stamp above. Oh well, I can either use it as it is or make another one!


Method 2 (Easier)

Draw out your design on a piece of tracing paper. I kept mine to my initials again, but this time I used the template of circle shapes to create a round shape and then put my initials inside. I drew the second, inside circle freehand.

Next, take your pencil and either go over the lines or go over the top of the entire design with an even coat of graphite. Note that the letters are still readable because the design is still face-up. 

Flip the paper over, position it on the styrofoam and use a ballpoint pen to trace the design. (Be sure the design is reversed. If you can still read the design as normal, you have not reversed it!)  Go lightly as it's way too easy to go too deep to quickly on the styrofoam. Once you have a light tracing, set the paper aside and go over the lines with your stylus. 

Cut out the design with scissors if you have not already done so. 

Using double-sided tape, stick design to a hard surface. I chose a wine cork for this design. 

Next, ink it up and make an impression on the scrap paper. Tweak the design with your stylus if necessary. 

And there you have a faux Chinese Seal! Pretty cool, huh?! 


Once you get started, it's hard to stop. There are all kinds of options in the way of designs and what you put on the stamp. A favorite date, the name of a city, a spirit animal, your name, the options are endless! Below are a few of my designs:


Thoughts On This Process



  • Don't expect perfection—you won't get it! Styrofoam is very soft and easily damaged. 
  • You'll make mistakes. Don't worry about it. Just get another piece of styrofoam and go again. 
  • When drawing with the stylus, you may run into resistance from the styrofoam. If this happens, don't force it. Instead, go to the other end of the line and draw towards the area where you met resistance. 
  • It's better to go with several gentle impressions than one heavy application of pressure. It's likely you'll dig or tear the styrofoam with too much pressure. 
  • If you have fingernails with any length, take care. It's quite easy to "dent" the surface with the edge of your nail. I figure it adds character, but it could just as easily damage the stamp. 
  • Make sure to adhere the seal to a hard, smooth surface larger than it is. Otherwise, it will not make a good impression. 
  • If you do not have a stylus, you can use a ballpoint pen, but I didn't get as good of results using a pen as I did using a stylus. 
  • I used double-sided tape that could be repositioned rather than permanent double-sided tape. On the off chance the seal is crooked on the surface and you need/want to move it, the seal will mostly likely be damaged as you try to lift it from the surface if you've used permanent double-sided tape. 
  • I found chalk ink stamp pads worked the best with styrofoam. You may have to do a couple of tests to see what works for you. I tried a distress ink pad by Tim Holtz and it did not work well.
  • Other than stamping the excess ink off the stamp, I made no attempt to clean it as I don't believe they'll withstand much. 
  • Store the stamps in a box or bag where they cannot be hit from the outside or rattle around if you want them to last any length of time. 
  • Tradition dictates the use of red ink. Since I'm bucking the tradition of a "carved" stamp to begin with, I decided to be a bit more of a rebel and test out other ink colors. 

If you wind up making a stamp or nine, shoot me a link or a photo as I'd love to see what you come up with!

Are you familiar with Chinese seals ? They're sometimes referred to as a chop. They are used as a means of signature to show authorship in personal documents in several Asian countries. They can often be seen in artwork and they have since become favorites of artists the world over. They are almost always used with red ink and they come in a variety of styles, shapes and are carved from many different types of material.If you google Chinese seals or chops, you will find a myriad of sellers that will carve a seal for you...if you know what you want it to say. And that's where I get stuck! I've wanted a chop for several years, but every time I start looking at all the possibilities I get overwhelmed with way too many choices.You can even carve you're own if you're handy with a knife. You'll find instructions here . There are several articles and some videos as well. Uncle Google will be more than happy to provide you with several hours of links to "help!"The other evening when I finished the sketch above, I wanted a small stamp to go in the area just below the cap but did not have anything appropriate. I couldn't help but think if I had a chop, it would be perfect for that small area...and so the adventure began.I've been hoarding some styrofoam I'd cut from the tops of clean takeout containers and as I pondered my stamp challenge, my eyes happen to land on my stash. Could I, I wondered. I figured there was only one way to find out and I'm happy to say it was just too easy! In fact, I created several temporary chops in a little under an hour.Let me be very clear upfront, these faux seals are TEMPORARY. They're not going to last long and they are ridiculously easy to damage...but...they're so easy to make, if one gets damaged, you just make another one!Styrofoam - clean and flat from either a takeout container or meat tray.Stylus - the smaller the ball the betterBlack penBallpoint pen with a fine or extra fine tipScissorsTemplate of ShapesPencil (not shown)Wine corks or acrylic stamp blocksDouble-sided tapeWhite scrap paperPiece of tracing paperBe sure to read the entire tutorial before starting as there are several tips at the end of the tutorial!Draw out your design on a piece ofI kept mine to my initials, the year and the copyright symbol, ©. Drawing out the borders first made it easier to figure out the placement of the various elements I wanted. I kept the overall size of my stamp under one inch. I already had a space in mind when I started so I didn't make any attempts at stamps much larger than 1.25 inches. Most traditional seals are small.Once you draw out your design and are happy with it, flip the paper over so that you're looking at the reverse image. Measure out the dimensions of your overall design and mark it on the styrofoam. I found it easier to go ahead and cut out the shape with scissorsI added my design, but this isn't absolutely necessary.Next, draw your design, in reverse on the styrofoam with a stylus. Use the reverse image as a guide. I have four stylus tools and I found the one with tiniest head worked the best, but I was also working very small.Once you have design on the styrofoam, go over it two or three times with light pressure to get as smooth of a design as you can. Cut it out with scissors if you have not already. Apply double-sided tape to the back of the styrofoam and stick it to a hard, firm surface like a wine cork, acrylic block or piece of wood. Ink it up.Stamp out an impression on the scrap paper...and there's your first stamp!If you wind up making a stamp or nine, shoot me a link or a photo as I'd love to see what you come up with!

Origin and Development
述印

In the Yuen dynasty {元朝} (1280-1368 A.D.) scholar Wang Mien {王冕} was the first to use soft stones for seal carving. Since then, seal carving has become the art of the scholars and played a very important place in the art of calligraphy and painting down to the present time.

Kinds of Chinese Seal Carving

In China, the engraving on stones may be pictures or Chinese characters; in other words, there are picture seals {肖形印} and character seals {姓名印、閒印}. The earliest known records of pictorial carving date back to the Warring States {戰國} (476-221 B.C.). The pictures were mainly animals and human figures. While the practice of engraving pictures has continued since then, it is the carving of characters, and more specifically seal script characters, that dominate the art of seal carving.

Scripts used for Seal Carving: the Seal Script
篆書

Although many people both in the past and in the present show different kinds of calligraphy in seal carving, such as Regular, Running, Cursive, Clerical and Seal (Great and small), the Small Seal Script {小篆} is generally regarded as the most suitable one for the purpose. Great Seal Script {大篆}, a form of characters older than the Small Seal Script is not that suitable because of its unwieldy form and its limited vocabulary. Running and Cursive Script have not been very successfully applied to carving while Regular and Clerical Scripts, for various reasons, are not as popular as the Small Seal Script which is elegant in appearance, symmetrical in composition and has an archaic simplicity.

Learning Seal Carving

A seal (or stamp) is well carved for the well designed characters / compostion

  • it appears natural and elegant;
  • it can arouses the spirit and the imagination;
  • it has archaic simplicity and a balanced distrigution of white and red spaces;
  • it shows harmony and evenness in the distribution of various strokes.

The seal is not considered good if it lacks these qualities, even though it may look neat and delicate, or if craftsmanship predominates over artistry.

To successfully learn seal carving, one should first acquire a basic knowledge of Chinese calligraphy, especially Seal Script. This is necessary because seal carving and calligraphy are sisters to each other. Also, one should study examples of good seals, such as the collections of seals from famous artists and albums of rubbings from ancient imprints, thus learning to recognize surface designs and carving skills.

Finally one can then start carving on soft stones choosing at first characters with very few strokes and keeping on until the proper skills are acquired.

Before turning to the more practical discussion of the technical skills related to seal carving, some preliminary remarks are necessary.

  • The carving of a seal may have a practical aim such as to record a name{姓名印}, a place of birth, an artist’s studio {齋館印} and so on; it can also be done in a more poetic mood to engraved sentiments such as desires and hopes, or a short poem, proverb or maxim.
  • In all cases, the aesthetic value of the carving is the predominant factor to be considered.

Two forms of engraving: relief (yang) and intaglio (yin)

The carving in relief is known as carving in Yang Wen {陽文}, that is having the strokes in Red {朱文}; carving in intaglio is known as carving in Yin Wen {陰文}, or carving in blank {白文} (void). In the past, Imperial Seals were usually carved in relief; nowadays, artists may choose either form to suit their own taste and liking.

Shape of Seals

The seals may adopt any form, regular or irregular: the surface for carving may be circular, square, rectangular, oval, triangular, rhombic or polyhedral while the engraving of the characters can be done on many of the stone surfaces.

Stones for Seal Carving

Many kinds of materials could be used for carving: animal bone, tortoise shell, bronze, gold, silver, animal horn, ivory, clay, tile and of course, precious stones such as jade. However many of these materials are no longer used because they entail too many technical problems or do not embed easily the spirit of the carver: hardness or other material characteristics make it impossible for the artist to reveal the taste of bronze and stone {金石味}. Materials such as wood, clay, tile, animal horns etc. are now used occasionally by craftsman and but not much by artists in seal carving.

The most suitable material is the rather softer stones such as Ching-tin {青田} and Shou-shan {壽山} from the Chek-kiang {浙江} and Fukien {福建} provinces (South Eastern coast of China) which yield readily to the carving knife. As mentioned before, different shapes of seal surfaces can be used for the purpose of carving and there is no size limitation. Some stones are plain while others may be decorated with animal or human figures. A very interesting type of seal carving stone is known as the mother and child {子母印} set with detachable smaller stones encased in the larger stones.

  • stone 印石
    The softer ones such as those mentioned before (Ching-tin & Shou-shan) should be used; the surface for engraving should be about 1 square inch (2,5 cm).
  • carving knife 刻刀
    Many sizes and degrees of sharpness are available; however it is better to use the one that the carver feels the most comfortable with.
  • sandpaper
    Both the fine and the coarse grades are required; and these are used for polishing the stone surfaces.
  • red ink pad 印泥
    Used for inking the seal. The best ones are made from a pad of dried moxa plant fibers soaked with powdered cinnabar dissolved in seed oil; it is colorfast.

Preparing the Stone

  • surface polishing 整理印面
    The surface to be carved is fist sandpapered and polished until it is smooth enough. Then all traces of powder are brushed off from the surface of the stone.
  • surface designing 經營位置
    • The surface of the stone to be carved is pressed against a piece of soft and absorbent paper so that the boundaries of the surface are visible. The boundary line on the paper should now be traced out.
    • As the surface of the stone to be carved is very limited, planning and designing beforehand are very important. The composition should reveal a proper distribution of strokes in each character. The relative positions of the characters should be carefully adjusted. The distribution of red and blank spaces should be carefully taken into account.
    • Select the characters required. As Chinese characters may be composed of any number of strokes which are dots, lines, curves, hooks and so on, those characters with fewer strokes should be written in bolder and heavier than those with a greater number of strokes.
  • transferring characters on the seal surface 落墨
    • Having written the desired characters, place the paper onto the surface of the stone so that the inked outline matches the boundaries of the seal surface holding the virgin portions of the paper firmly on the sides of the stone with one hand.
    • Then moisten that portion of the paper which is in contact with the seal surface. Next apply another piece of soft and absorbent paper on the wetted surface rubbing it slightly and evenly with the fingernail for a minute or two.
    • Then lift the two pieces of paper vertically upwards. The seal characters are now imprinted on the stone surface.

Carving the Stone
奏刀

  • knife-work
    Throughout the long history of the art of seal carving, artists have realized that proficiency in calligraphy is transferable to seal carving. Hence the time honored advice to seal carvers is to treat the stone as paper and the knife as a brush. {視石如紙,視刀如筆,刀法盡之矣}
    • To be skillful in the art of carving, one should know the two important ways of holding the knife:
      • double hook method 雙鉤法
        The knife is held firmly by the thumb and the two first fingers; the ring finger is held behind the knife and is used as anchoring point. This method is suitable for carving seals of ordinary sizes.
      • gripping method 握刀法
        In this method, the knife is held firmly in the palm of the hand while all the five fingers are tightly closed. This grip can be used for carving seals of comparatively large sizes.
    • In writing characters, there is almost always a fixed order in doing the strokes. Thus the Chinese character ‘one’ ( 一 ) consists of only one horizontal stroke which is a straight line written from left to right. However, in carving, the order of the strokes is determined by the fact that, since every movement of the knife should be in the direction of the carver’s body, the stone has to be turned and rotated frequently.
  • cutting style
    There are two main cutting styles: the single cut and the double cut.
    • single cut style 單刀法
      Here the knife cuts inside the ink line defining the stroke; it is used for carving seals in intaglio (Yin Wen)
    • double cut style 雙刀法
      Here the knife cuts at both edges of the ink line defining the stroke; it is used for carving both in the intaglio and relief manners.

Side incisions and side colophons
邊款又稱款識

When the artist wants to inscribe his name, a date or something more than the text of the seal surface, he can do so on one or more of the remaining surfaces of the stone. This kind of inscription is less formal than the one done on the seal surface. The characters in the side colophons are usually incised in Running Script. There are certain general rules for inscribing side colophons. Given that:

  • the seal stone in being held in a vertical position with the seal surface beneath (as it would be positioned to stamp the paper)
  • that the carver looking at the top of the stone
  • One colophon
  • face to carve — left
  • Two colophons
  • face to carve first — left
  • face upon which to finish — outward
  • direction of movement — clockwise
  • Three colophons
  • face to carve first — left
  • face upon which to finish — right
  • direction of movement — clockwise
  • Four colophons
  • face to carve first — left
  • face upon which to finish — inward
  • direction of movement — clockwise
  • Five colophons
  • face to carve first — left
  • face upon which to finish — top
  • direction of movement — clockwise and upwards

Side knocking and chipping
擊邊

Sometimes, in order to give the appearance of archaic simplicity and naturalness, the carver carefully knocks and chips the edges of the seal surface. However this should not be overdone. If after chipping and chiseling, the corners and edges appear too rugged, they should be smoothed slightly.

Seal's Imprints
鈐印

Seals should be imprinted only on silk or soft absorbent paper. In order to imprint a Chinese seal properly, one should begin by repeatedly pressing the seal surface against the ink pad. Then the seal surface should be carefully and firmly applied to the desired position. For better results, some pieces of soft paper should be placed underneath the paper to be imprinted. One has to apply vertical pressure evenly on all sides of the seal using a very slight rocking movement while being carefully not to make a smudge on the paper or silk surface. After use, the seal must be wiped clean with a soft absorbent material before storing it in the padded container designed for its protection.

4 Advice to Choose a China Seal

Ngan Siu-Mui's Chinese Arts School ‒ Chinese Stamps